DATA
KSE-100 1,77,617 POLICY 11.5% USD/PKR ₨277.47 GOLD/TOLA ₨4,55,500 CPI 9.2%
Methodology & Editorial Standards

How market data and editorial claims are sourced.

This page documents update cadence, failed-source handling, calculations, authorship and advertising independence. Each displayed figure still needs to be checked against its linked source before money is committed.

Proof, not promises

Latest available pipeline output

The widget reads the published dataset. Each source has its own date and cadence; a current dataset timestamp does not make every partition current. The homepage flags source groups that failed or exceeded their freshness threshold.

Why we publish this

We publish this because finance is what Google calls “Your Money or Your Life” (YMYL) content: information that can affect a reader’s financial wellbeing. We hold ourselves to a high standard of accuracy and transparency, and we would rather tell you the limits of what we do than overstate our authority.

Below we explain exactly where our data comes from, how often it is refreshed, how we check it for errors, who is behind the site, and how we make money - in plain language, with no spin. If anything here is unclear, the contact page is always open.

Primary sources

Core sources and labelled fallbacks

Official sources are used where they expose a reliable public page or dataset. When an official endpoint is unavailable, a fallback is retained only when the interface identifies the source and freshness status.

State Bank of Pakistan (SBP)
Provides the policy rate set by the Monetary Policy Committee, interbank PKR-USD data and reserve statistics. CPI is published by PBS, not SBP.
Central Directorate of National Savings (CDNS)
Provides the official profit rates for every National Savings scheme - Special Savings Certificates, Defence Savings Certificates, Regular Income Certificates, Behbood Savings Certificates, and the Pensioners’ Benefit Account.
MUFAP - Mutual Funds Association of Pakistan
Publishes daily NAV and performance tables for member funds. Return types and periods differ by fund category, so the site labels the calculation basis and flags a failed MUFAP refresh.
Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX)
Provides closing stock prices, the KSE-100 index level, and dividend announcements used to calculate the dividend yields shown in our PSX guide.
Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS)
Publishes CPI inflation. CPI is monthly and should be compared using its release month, not the dataset's overall refresh time.
Gold - third-party reference
The gold reference page displays the latest successfully collected 24K value from gold.pk and derives 22K, 21K, 18K and smaller weight units from that observation. It is not a dealer quote. The page shows the collection date and source type; if the local fetch fails, the pipeline can retain the previous value or label an international spot conversion rather than presenting either as a current local quote. Historical observations and user-set scenarios are kept separate.
Fuel - public mirror of notified rates
SOURCE LABELLED IN DATASET
The fuel partition currently uses a public automotive source that reports government-notified retail rates. Because it is not the regulator itself, the interface names the source and users should verify a notified price with the government or OGRA.
Where a derived figure (for example, a dividend yield or a real, inflation-adjusted return) is calculated rather than taken directly from a source, it is computed from these primary inputs using standard, publicly documented formulas - not from any proprietary or unverifiable model.

How often data is updated

A scheduled GitHub Action attempts two weekday market refreshes and limited weekend updates. Each source still follows its own publication cadence, and a failed fetch retains the prior value with a stale status rather than inventing a replacement.

01
Scheduled fetch
The workflow requests market data after the open and after the close; slower series are checked at their appropriate cadence.
02
Validate
Implausible jumps (a rate that doubles overnight) are flagged for review instead of being published blindly.
03
Publish
The dataset and the guide/blog index are rebuilt and deployed - every chart, table and widget across the site updates at once.
04
You verify
Read the source date and stale warning, then use the linked publisher page to verify any number that affects a decision.

Data groups carry an “as of” date or health status. PSX prices and PKR-USD can change each trading day, CPI is monthly, the policy rate changes after MPC decisions, and CDNS rates change only after notification. A stale warning means the pipeline retained the last successful value and the publisher should be checked directly.

Why this matters: the overall JSON file can be refreshed today while one source group is weeks old. Judge freshness from the relevant source date, not the page timestamp alone.

Verification & corrections

Automation does not establish accuracy: a source can change a page layout, publish a typo or briefly serve bad data. Fetchers record source and status metadata, while time-sensitive editorial claims are checked against the documents linked on the page. Those controls can still fail, so a displayed number remains subject to verification.

Even with these checks, this site is an educational tool, not a live trading terminal. Rates and prices can change between our last update and the moment you read a page. Before you actually invest, always confirm the current figure directly with the institution - the bank, the asset management company, the broker, CDNS, or the official source - because that number, not ours, is the one your money will be governed by.

If a figure looks wrong or out of date, report the page, value and source through the contact page. Verified corrections are incorporated into the page or collection logic.

Editorial policy: how a guide gets written

The current editorial workflow starts with a source document and records the limits of any calculation or dataset.

01 Primary document first. A time-sensitive claim should begin with the governing document - for example a CDNS product notice, SBP statement, FBR law or rate card, MUFAP table or PSX filing. Secondary material can provide context but should not replace the cited issuer or regulator for the controlling number.
02 Automated data and editorial facts are separated. Market widgets use the open-source fetchers; tax, legal and policy claims are checked against the specific document linked in the article. Failed fetches retain the prior partition and expose a stale flag.
03 Worked examples state their inputs. Calculator pages expose the rate, timing convention and omissions used in their arithmetic. Historical screens identify observation dates and do not convert past performance into a forecast.
04 AI assistance is disclosed. AI tooling is used for drafting, structure and code. The named author is responsible for reviewing the published page, checking material claims against its links, and removing claims that cannot be supported. Corrections are recorded in the page date or dataset build.
05 Dated at the claim level. Guides show a source-check date, while datasets expose partition dates and failed-fetch status. A page date alone is not evidence that every displayed source has refreshed.

What we will not do: we do not publish price targets, tell a reader which specific stock or fund to buy, claim first-hand investing returns or present the material as personalised advice. Abdul Ahad is a software engineer and is not a SECP-registered financial advisor. The site contributes dated observations, source links and reproducible arithmetic; it does not decide how a reader should act.

Independence & advertising disclosure

The site contains reserved programmatic-ad placements on selected long-form pages. Ads, when available, do not determine coverage or conclusions. Links to regulators, exchanges, government institutions and providers are included to identify a source or process. To be clear about those links:

01 They are provided purely for your convenience, to point you to the right official page.
02 They are not paid placements and not affiliate links. No company has paid to be mentioned, recommended, or ranked.
03 We earn no commission if you click them, open an account, or invest.

Programmatic ads and editorial content are separated. No institution mentioned in a guide pays for its inclusion or ranking.

Important: Pakistan Investment Education provides general educational information only and is not registered with SECP as an investment advisor. Nothing on this site constitutes personalised financial advice. Investment values can go up as well as down, and past performance does not guarantee future results. Content is AI-assisted and human-checked; official sources and any non-official fallback are identified in the relevant page or dataset.
Important Disclaimer. Pakistan Investment Education provides general educational information only and is not registered with SECP as an investment advisor. Nothing on this site constitutes personalised financial advice. Investment values can go up as well as down, and past performance of mutual funds or stocks does not guarantee future results. Always confirm current rates and prices with the relevant institution, and consult a SECP-registered financial advisor before making significant investment decisions.